Why is glass colored? start here: the four mechanisms
dissolved ions

Metal ions dissolved like dye — broad, host-sensitive absorption.

also: rare earth colorants

metal colloids

Gold, copper, or silver nanoparticles — plasmon resonance, struck by reheat.

also: silver stain

band-gap crystals

Semiconductor microcrystals — a razor absorption edge, the purest warm colors.

structure & scattering

No chromophore at all — second phases scatter, films interfere.

redox — the furnace decides which ion you get stained glass — all four mechanisms in one window

Every swatch is a real object. Click it to find out why it's that color.